| Immunomodulatory mechanism :
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Anti-cancer (Acute myeloid leukemia (increases CYT C, caspase 3,7, suppresses PKM2 enzyme, glycolysis, inhibit phosphorylation of mtor, Akt, GSK3β, P70S6K, 4EBP1 in a dose dependent manner, inactivates Akt/mtor pathway), Colorectal cancer (cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, inhibits P13K/Akt/mtor pathway), Tounge cancer (cleaves caspase 3, upregulates HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) expression, Nrf2/Ho-1, caspase 3,8,9, PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1), downregulates XIAP (X linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein), ciap-1 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1), phosphorylates ERK1/2, p38, JNK)); inhibit CYP1A2, 2E1, 2B6, 3A4, 2D6, 2C9; Antioxidant (suppresses ROS, MDA (malondialdehyde), upregulates expression of NQO1, HO-1, CAT); Wound healing (activates erk and p38 to form tubes and cell proliferation in HUVEC (Human umbilical vein endothelial cells)); Anti-bacterial (inhibited biofilm formation, effective against PEN resistant microbes, can prolong life after infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae)
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