| Immunomodulatory mechanism :
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Renoprotective (attenuates serum creatinine, BUN, MDA level, upregulates Nrf2 signalling pathway, Keap1 pathway, NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocaline) pathway for renal injury or apoptosis); Anti-inflammatory (downregulates TNF-α, NF-κb, inos pathway, IL-6, IL-1β); Anti-tumor (mitochondrial dysfunction, inactivate caspase-3,9, cytochrome C, modulate Bax, Bcl-2, G2/M phase arrest, CYP1A1/CYP1B1 modulation of Tangeretin to 4-hydroxyl Tangeretin, deregulating STAT signalling pathway, suppresses PCNA, ki-67, COX-2, downregulates MMP-2, MMP-9, upregulates p53/p21); Neuroprotective (inhibits JNK, TNF-α, COX-2, inos signaling pathways, dopaminergic degeneration, upregulates PI3k/Akt signaling pathways); Antidiabetic (upregulates Bcl-2, SOD, CAT, GPX via inhibiting NF-Kb signaling pathway, inhibits ERK pathway); Hepatoprotective (upregulates HO-1, Nrf2, NQO-1, and MAPK pathways, increased GSH, GPX activity); Antiasthmatic (inhibit Notch-1 signal pathway); other immunomodulatory pathways (ZO-1, CXCL-8, ccl); Antioxidant ( upregulates SOD, CAT genes via Nrf2 signaling pathway)
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