| ImmunCR Id : | ICR43 |
| Chemical Name : | Cyanidin-3-galactoside |
| Plant Source : | Pericarpium |
| Nutraceutical information : | Edible, red-skinned or red-fleshed apples, hawthorn, bilberries, cranberry fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon), chokeberries, and lingonberries, Saskatoon berries (Amelanchier canadensis). |
| Mode of administration : | --- |
| Immunomodulatory mechanism : | Antioxidant (DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ABTS (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, ferric ion reducing, oxygen radical absorbance, and singlet oxygen quenching catalyzing; protective effects of Cy3Gal against the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH)-induced peroxide damage in human lymphocytes), anti-inflammatory ( reduced nitric oxide (NO) production in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells, impeded peroxyl dical-induced intracellular oxidation in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells), anticancer (inhibit the growth as well as to stimulate apoptosis of human HT-29 colon cancer cells but exerted only minor effect on the growth of non-transformed NCM460 colonic cells, inhibit caco-2 cell proliferation by causing G2/M cell cycle arrest, inhibit human gastric cancer cell (BGC-803) growth and induce their apoptosis, increase in Bax and Bak expression and decrease in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression; solely cannot inhibit human tumor cell growth), and nervous protective capacities (decreased levels of lipofuscin in brain tissue, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in the plasma and brain tissue of the tested mice; reduced the levels of lactate and phosphocholine; and it increased the level of taurine in the brain of mice; inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and camp-response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in the hippocampi of the aging mice); moderate α-glucosidase inhibitor |
| Description : | Belonging to the group of glycosides of cyanidin. |
| IUPAC Name | (3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride |
| SMILES | C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O.[Cl-] |
| Formula | C21H21ClO11 |
| InchiKey | YTMNONATNXDQJF-IKMIHYQTSA-N |
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
| Class | Flavonoids |
| Subclass | Flavonoid glycosides |
| LogP | -1.566 |
| Molecular weight | 484.838 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor | 10 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor | 8 |
| Polar surface area | 196.938 |
| No. of rotatable bonds | 4 |
| Number of Aromatic Rings | 3 |
| Number of rings | 4 |
| Absorption level | Very low |
| Solubility level | Very Soluble |
| Blood Brain Barrier | Undefined |
| Plasma protein binding | Non-Binder |
| CYP2D6 inhibition | Non-Inhibitor |
