| ImmunCR Id : | ICR41 |
| Chemical Name : | Α-Carotene |
| Plant Source : | Solanum lycopersicum |
| Nutraceutical information : | Edible, fresh vegetables (tomato, carrot, pumpkin, etc.), fruits (kiwifruit, pomelo, grapefruit, etc.), and bright-colored flowers (chrysanthemum, marigold, lonicera japonica, etc.), algae |
| Mode of administration : | Dietary, injection, supplements |
| Immunomodulatory mechanism : | Neuroprotective (anti-Alzheimer disease properties by inhibiting key enzymes relevant to this ailment, such as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and β-secretase); anti-cancer (lung carcinoma, prostate, breast, bladder, gastric cancer); cardioprotective (beneficial changes in heart rate variability); bone health (less likely to have lumbar spine osteoporosis); obesity treatment; improved gut microbiota; Used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; Higher intakes of α-carotene might protect against NHL (Non-Hodgkin lymphoma) development. |
| Description : | It is the most common form of carotene with a β-ionone and α-ionone ring. It is a precursor of vitamin A, present in abundance in adipose tissue and liver in humans and present on membrane or can be extracellular. The increase in intake of blood α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin was associated with approximately 2% longer telomeres in the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition of US adults Examination Survey. Similarly, low α-carotene intake was associated with higher asthma risk. |
| IUPAC Name | 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[(1R)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohexene |
| SMILES | CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/[C@H]2C(=CCCC2(C)C)C)/C)/C |
| Formula | C40H56 |
| InchiKey | ANVAOWXLWRTKGA-NTXLUARGSA-N |
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
| Class | Prenol lipids |
| Subclass | Tetraterpenoids |
| LogP | 11.803 |
| Molecular weight | 536.873 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor | 0 |
| Polar surface area | 0 |
| No. of rotatable bonds | 10 |
| Number of Aromatic Rings | 0 |
| Number of rings | 2 |
| Absorption level | Very low |
| Solubility level | Very Soluble |
| Blood Brain Barrier | Undefined |
| Plasma protein binding | Binder |
| CYP2D6 inhibition | Non-Inhibitor |
