| Immunomodulatory mechanism :
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Inhibit glucose 6-phosphate hydrolysis, inhibitor of Hepatic Glucose-6-phosphate translocase; potent antioxidants found in certain foods and drinks, most notably in coffee. Anti-hypertension effect: blood-pressure reduction through improved endothelial function and nitric oxide bioavailability in the arterial vasculature. Reduce the relative risks of type 2 diabetes,4, 5 obesity,6 Alzheimer's disease,7, 8 eclampsia and stroke; found in:eucommia ulmoides and honeysuckle, coffee, black and green tea, Mate, cocoa, Pome fruits:(apple, pear), berry fruits, grapes and wines, citrus fruits, stone fruits, Brassicas (kale, cabbage and Brussels sprouts), Chenopodiaceae – spinach and beetroot, Asteraceae, potato tubers, tomato, pineapple, cereals, beer, wheat, pulses and legumes; antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension, free radicals scavenger and a central nervous system (CNS) stimulator.; could reverse HFD-induced activation of TLR4 signaling pathway and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in liver. Meanwhile, CGA increased the content of Bifidobacterium and reduced the content of Escherichia coli in feces. Furthermore, CGA could increase the expression of tight junction proteins Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in intestinal tissue. Moreover, CGA could the level of LPS and increased the level of GLP-1 in portal vein. These results indicated that CGA protected against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation probably through its anti-inflammatory effects associated with regulation of gut microbiota and an increase of GLP-1 secretion and thus could be used as a potential drug for prevention and treatment of NAFLD; alkyl peroxyl radical (ROO•) scavenging property
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