| Immunomodulatory mechanism :
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Anti-cancer (upregulates Bax, p53, inhibits Bcl-xl, cyclin A, suppresses ER, MMP-9, MMP-2, VEGF, c-Myc, IL-8, E-cadherin); Anti-diabetic (downregulates AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, NLRP3, TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein) expression, MA (malondialdehyde), serum creatinine, proteinuria); Anti-obesity (reduces mrna expression (SREBP-1c, C/ebpβ, master adipogenic transcription factor, pparγ target genes), Ensures normal activity of lipid metabolic biomarkers (HMG-coa, FAS (fatty acid synthase), ACC (acetyl-coa carboxylase), LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase), CPT (carnithine palmitoyltransferase)), reduced oxidative stress); Cardioprotective (upregulates p27(kip1) expression, LCAT, CYP7A1, HMG-coa, LDL receptor, high density lipoprotein, mrna expression of cyclin D/E/PCNA), downregulates ERK1/2, inhibits ROS generation, p38 MAPK phosphorylation); Anti-aging (downregulates IL-8, caspase-3,9, upregulates acetylcholinestrase, maintains Bcl/Bax ratio); Anti-allergic (downregulates intracellular Ca2+, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-13, inhibits release of (β-hexosaminidase, histamine), ige signaling pathways, phosphorylation of (Erk, Ras, p38, Lyn)); anti-inflammatory (downregulates IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TLR-4, TLR-2, inhibits NF-κb , I-κb, mapks, JNK, p65, ERK, p38); Hepatoprotective (downregulates expression of CTP1 gene(carnithine palmitoyl transferase 1), AST, ALT, IRS-1 (insulin substrate receptor-1) phosphorylation)
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